Many people are interested in what prostatitis is. This term is understood as inflammatory damage to the prostate gland, which is often observed in men after 35 years.
If you do not immediately start treatment of pathology, there is a high probability of complications in the sexual and reproductive area.
The essence of pathology
This term is understood as inflammation of the prostate. This is a common urological violation. According to statistics, it occurs in 50 % of men after 50 years.
The prostate is a glazed-muscular organ that is localized around the urinary pipe. It is responsible for the synthesis of discharge, which are connected to the seed fluid and maintain normally sperm activity. This helps to protect them from the harmful effects of external factors.
Prostatitis is acute and chronic. In the first case, harmful bacteria fall into the organ - proteas, E. coli, Klebsiella and other microorganisms. Infection occurs through the urethra, blood flow or lymph.
Reasons
There are quite a few factors that cause inflammation. The main causes of prostatitis include the following:
- Disruption of blood circulation. This causes an increase in the size of the prostate. The cause of the problems is hypodynamia and excess body weight;
- Infectious diseases. Infection often occurs due to urethritis or gonorrhea. In more rare cases, flu, tonsillitis, tuberculosis are provoking factors;
- Bacterial inflammation. The reason for the problems is the penetration of infection into the prostate. This can happen through the bloodstream, with a lymph or during sexual contacts. The cause of problems may be bacteria that live on the surface of the human body or in the abdominal cavity;
- Traumatic lesions of the pelvic organs. Also, the cause of the blood flow in this area is often the reason. That is why prostatitis often develops among drivers who are exposed to vibration;
- Hypothermia and low physical activity. Chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, hormonal imbalance, and the lack of systematic sexual contact can be a provoking factor. The cause may be a delay in urination;
- Hypodynamia. The insufficient level of physical activity negatively affects the functions of endocrine organs, heart and blood vessels, and nervous system. This process is accompanied by circulatory disorders in the pelvic organs. With hypoxia of the gland tissue, conditions are created for the active propagation of pathogenic microorganisms. These factors provoke the development of prostatitis;
- Inflammatory damage to the rectum or urethra. This violation provokes the secondary infection of the prostate. It can be ascending or descending;
- Chronic constipation. Constant violations of the stool entail inflammatory changes in the organ.
The key reasons for the disease include urological infections and a number of venereological ailments. This category includes urethritis, gonorrhea. There can be even such violations as chronic bronchitis, caries, sore throats with provoking factors.
Types of prostatitis
Symptoms of prostatitis directly depend on its variety. Doctors distinguish a number of varieties of the disease, each of which is characterized by certain features.
Bacterial
This form of the disease is usually diagnosed in 21-43. In this case, the main signs of inflammation of the prostate include a significant increase in temperature - it can increase to 40 degrees. Also, people have general weakness, chills, and urination.
Often, patients suffer from erection disorders, pain in the perineum, purulent and bloody impurities in the urine. The chronic form of the disease has weaker manifestations. However, with a relapse of the disease, signs of prostatitis are enhanced.
Calcular
The main manifestations of the disease include pain in the pelvis, sacrum and perineum. Discomfort increases with motor activity of the body. The disease is also characterized by impaired urination, bloody impurities in the urine, increased irritability, and weakening of an erection.
Stagnant
This form of the disease is characterized by chronic course. The disease develops with a violation of blood flow in the pelvic organs. Also, the cause may be stagnation of discharge in the prostate. Usually it is observed in the absence of sexual contacts.
This form of the disease is characterized by urination problems. A person also experiences uncomfortable sensations in testicles and groin. Its temperature may increase, an erection is disturbed, depression develops.
Purulent
This term is understood as one of the types of acute bacterial form of the disease. Purulent prostatitis is characterized by a significant increase in temperature indicators to 40 degrees. Also in a person, purulent impurities in the urine are observed, urination is disturbed, pronounced pain in the perineum and inguinal zone occur.
Symptoms
Symptoms of inflammation of the prostate depend on the stage of pathology:
- Catarrhal. In this case, a person has symptoms of rapid urination. There is also pain when emptying the bladder. The patient experiences discomfort in the crotch and sacrum.
- Folicular. The pain syndrome acquires a more pronounced character, sometimes gives to the anus and increases when intestinal emptying. This stage of the disease is accompanied by impaired urination. In a man, urine flows with a thin stream. Sometimes urine delay occurs, the temperature rises slightly.
- Parenchymal. It is characterized by symptoms of general intoxication, a significant increase in temperature to 38-40 degrees, the state of chills. A person has problems with urination and acute pains in the perineum are observed. Defecation is often disturbed.
If the pathology is not treated in time, chronic prostatitis occurs. It is characterized by an erased clinical picture. In rare cases, temperature indicators increase to subfebrile values.
Quite often, pathology is a consequence of chronic inflammation, which is associated with infection of a specific infection. It can be gonococci, ureaplasma, trichomonas. In this case, a person may have small discharge from the urethra, unexpressed pains in the crotch zone, an increase in unpleasant sensations during urination.
Also, the chronic form may be accompanied by a burning sensation in the crotch and urethra. A person has excessive fatigue, sexual disorders, dysuria. For problems with potency, a man faces mental depression, increased anxiety, irritability.
Pain syndrome
The prostate does not contain pain receptors. The provoking factor of discomfort is the involvement of nerve fibers in the abnormal process. People with a chronic form of the disease have pain of varying severity - from weak to very intense.
The pain syndrome changes its intensity during sexual abstinence, ejaculation or increased sexual activity. It gives discomfort to the sacral zone, crotch and scrotum. Sometimes it is felt even in the zone of the lower back.
Dizuric syndrome
Inflammation provokes an increase in the size of the prostate, which leads to compression of the ureter. His lumen becomes smaller. A person has increased urination. There is also a sense of incomplete emptying of the organ.
Typically, dysuric disorders are manifested at the initial stages of the disease. After that, compensatory hypertrophy of the muscles of the bladder and ureters occurs. At this time, signs of dysuria are reduced. With decompensation of these mechanisms, they increase again.
Diagnostics
To identify inflammation of the prostate, you need to contact a urologist. According to the clinical picture of pathology, you can determine the disease and even the stage of its development. Inflammation and increase in the size of the prostate gland can be visualized using ultrasonic examination.
The key diagnostic procedures include the following:
- Palpation of the prostate - manipulation is performed by a urologist;
- Various urine studies - general, cytological, bacteriological;
- Microscopic examination of seed fluid;
- A smear from the urethra - a secret analysis is carried out to evaluate the composition of microflora;
- Analysis of the content of the dog - during the manipulation, evaluate the specific protein of the prostate.
In most cases, these manipulations are quite enough. In the presence of difficulties with diagnosis, a urodynamic study is performed. For this, the man is hospitalized.
In more rare cases, cytoscopy is carried out. This procedure is not only applied for diagnostic purposes. It can be therapeutic. Manipulation provides an internal study of the bladder and urethra. In the absence of damage, there is no need to carry out the procedure.
Treatment
Methods of treatment of prostatitis are selected taking into account the shape and features of the course of the disease. Acute prostatitis is accompanied by severe intoxication, feverish condition, and impaired well -being.
In this case, the patient requires urgent hospitalization. He was shown the introduction of antibacterial agents intravenously. In other forms of prostatitis, there is no need for such therapy.
Drug therapy
In the bacterial form of pathology, the use of antibacterial drugs is recommended. If the cause of the disease is not bacteria, the use of such funds will not give the desired results.
Antibiotics are used to treat almost all acute infections. Preparations with an acute form of the disease are selected taking into account these diagnostic studies. The doctor determines a specific variety of microorganism, which provoked a pathology, and the degree of its sensitivity to medicines.
To cope with constant pains in the area of the pelvic organs and crotch, the use of muscle relaxants and alpha-blockers is shown. With the help of antispasmodics and alpha-blockers, it is possible to relax the muscles of the affected organ and bladder. This facilitates the excretion of urine and copes with the symptoms of the disease.
To eliminate the protective voltage of muscle tissue, eliminate the stifling of the inflamed prostate and reduce pain, the doctor can prescribe muscle and rallying drugs.
In difficult situations, it is not possible to do without the administration of liquids intravenously and the use of diuretics. Thanks to this therapy, it is possible to stimulate urine excretion, which helps to avoid intoxication of the body. This treatment prevents the occurrence of an ascending infection in the bladder.
To eliminate signs of the non -bacterial form of the disease, analgesic drugs, antipyretic drugs, and anticholinergic agents are prescribed. In case of chronically constipation, softening laxatives should be used. An effective remedy is vaseline oil.
Even when eliminating the main symptoms of acute bacterial pathology, it is important to undergo a course of therapy. If you stop therapy ahead of time, there is a high probability of chronic process. Subsequently, supporting methods of treatment are prescribed.
In some cases, with the development of pathology, a special diet must be observed. It consists in the exclusion of spicy and fatty products. It is also necessary to abandon caffeine. Under the ban are sour drinks.
The man’s condition is favorably affected by systematic ejaculation. It provides prostate drainage with a secret. In an acute violation of urination, a temporary suprapubic fistula is applied. Catheterization can also be periodically performed.
Surgical intervention
The operation is recommended in the absence of the effect of the use of drugs. Also, the indication for the surgical treatment of prostatitis is to block the outflow of urine prostate. It should be borne in mind that this method is not prescribed for young patients, since it can cause infertility.
There are several types of surgical intervention:
- Transuretral resection of the organ - it involves the removal of all affected tissues;
- Prostatectomy - the procedure consists in removing the prostate and adjacent tissues. During the manipulation, seed bubbles are also cut out. This is a rather complex intervention, which often provokes impotence and can cause urine incontinence.
Consequences
If you do not start therapy in time, there is a risk of dangerous health consequences. First of all, prostatitis is dangerous to the development of the abess. When forming purulent damage to the prostate, the temperature increases greatly. The heat is replaced by the symptoms of chills.
A sharp pain syndrome in the perineum leads to impaired urination and defecation. An increase in the swelling of the prostate entails serious problems with urination.
In more rare cases, an independent opening of the abscess occurs, after which its contents enters the intestines or urethra.
The spread of infectious pathogens in the chronic form of the disease provokes the appearance of cystitis and pyelonephritis. The frequent consequences of pathology include inflammatory lesions of the testicles and their appendages. There is also a risk of vesiculitis, which is an inflammation of the seed bubbles. As a result of these processes, a violation of reproductive functions is often observed.
Prevention
To prevent the appearance of inflammation or relapses of chronic pathology, the following recommendations must be followed:
- Reduce the amount of alcohol consumed;
- Systematically play sports;
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Abandon smoking;
- Avoid stressful situations;
- In time to treat inflammation in time - first of all, this applies to sexual infections;
- Take a contrast shower;
- Avoid raising heavy objects;
- Use barrier methods of contraception;
- Systematically have sex;
- Take vitamin preparations;
- Engage in strengthening immunity;
- Twice a year visit a urologist;
- Correctly and balanced eat.